Atomic and nuclear properties of aluminum oxide (sapphire, Al2O3)
QuantityValueUnits ValueUnits
<Z/A> 0.49038     
Specific gravity 3.970 g cm-3   
Mean excitation energy 145.2 eV   
Minimum ionization 1.647 MeV g-1cm2 6.540 MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length 65.5 g cm-2 16.49 cm
Nuclear interaction length 98.4 g cm-2 24.79 cm
Pion collision length 92.1 g cm-2 23.20 cm
Pion interaction length 129.3 g cm-2 32.57 cm
Radiation length 27.94 g cm-2 7.038 cm
Critical energy 50.18 MeV (for e-) 48.74 MeV (for e+)
Molière radius 11.81 g cm-2 2.974 cm
Plasma energy ℏωp 40.21 eV   
Muon critical energy 706. GeV   
Melting point 2327. K 2054. C
Boiling point @ 1 atm 3273. K 3000. C
Index of refraction (Na D) 1.770     
Composition:
Elem ZAtomic frac* Mass frac
O
8
3.00
0.470749
Al
 13
2.00
0.529251
* calculated from mass fraction data

For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PDF TEXT
Explanation of some entries