Atomic and nuclear properties of cortical bone (ICRP)
QuantityValueUnits ValueUnits
<Z/A> 0.52130     
Specific gravity 1.850 g cm-3   
Mean excitation energy 106.4 eV   
Minimum ionization 1.803 MeV g-1cm2 3.336 MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length 63.2 g cm-2 34.18 cm
Nuclear interaction length 93.0 g cm-2 50.28 cm
Pion collision length 90.4 g cm-2 48.87 cm
Pion interaction length 124.8 g cm-2 67.45 cm
Radiation length 27.42 g cm-2 14.82 cm
Critical energy 53.99 MeV (for e-) 52.49 MeV (for e+)
Molière radius 10.77 g cm-2 5.820 cm
Plasma energy ℏωp 28.30 eV   
Muon critical energy 749. GeV   
Composition:
Elem ZAtomic frac* Mass frac
H
1
1.00
0.047234
C
6
0.26
0.144330
N
7
0.06
0.041990
O
8
0.59
0.446096
Mg
 12
0.00
0.002200
P
15
0.07
0.104970
S
16
0.00
0.003150
Ca
 20
0.11
0.209930
Zn
 30
0.00
0.000100
* calculated from mass fraction data

For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PDF TEXT
Explanation of some entries