Atomic and nuclear properties of valine (C₅H₁₁NOi₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Value	Units
<Z/A>	0.54632
Specific gravity	1.230	g cm-3
Mean excitation energy	67.7	eV
Minimum ionization	1.960	MeV g-1cm2	2.411	MeV cm-1
Nuclear collision length	57.9	g cm-2	47.05	cm
Nuclear interaction length	82.3	g cm-2	66.88	cm
Pion collision length	85.4	g cm-2	69.41	cm
Pion interaction length	114.2	g cm-2	92.87	cm
Radiation length	40.60	g cm-2	33.00	cm
Critical energy	86.90	MeV (for e-)	84.58	MeV (for e+)
Molière radius	9.91	g cm-2	8.054	cm
Plasma energy ℏωp	23.62	eV
Muon critical energy	1121.	GeV

Composition:

Elem	Z	Atomic frac*	Mass frac
H	1	11.00	0.094641
C	6	5.00	0.512645
N	7	1.00	0.119565
O	8	2.00	0.273150
* calculated from mass fraction data

For muons, dE/dx = a(E) + b(E) E. Tables of b(E): PDF TEXT
Table of muon dE/dx and Range: PDF TEXT
Explanation of some entries